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October 20th, 2009 
Angie Square
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Chinese Blue and White Porcelain War & Soldier Design Square Vase – Kangxi Mark $350.00 |
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vintage antique bronze 4-beast word square basin vessel $289.00 |
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CHINESE QING STYLE BLUE AND WHITE SQUARE VASE $35.00 |
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Rare Chinese 19th C. Square Doucai Snuff Bottle $9.90 |
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Fine Great Famille Rose Gilt Porcelain Square Landscape Animal Vases 18″H $899.00 |
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2.7″ CHINESE BLACK HARDWOOD CARVED TEAPOT/VASE SQUARE STAND $11.00 |
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Exquisite and Big Square Jar With Figures Landscape Design in Blue and White $22.25 |
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D053 China Rare Bronze Square Incense Burners Height:9cm Length:15cm $209.00 |
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Butler Plantation Cherry Square Scatter Table 937024 $139.00 |
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Unique Chinese Antique Square Stool Table Stand SE01-07 $99.00 |
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ANTIQUE CHINESE QING DYNASTY LAC BURGAUTE BLACK LACQUER KANGXI SQUARE BOWL $515.00 |
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Chinese Big Pair Blue & White Landscape Flower Squares Porcelain Flower Pots $499.00 |
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Chinese Antiques Short Square Stool/Tea Table/Stand $199.99 |
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Beautiful Underglaze Red Phoenix Two Ear Square Porcelain Vase $468.00 |
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Chinese Big Pair Blue & White Landscape Flower Squares Porcelain Flower Pots $499.00 |
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6.9″ BIG CHINESE HARDWOOD CARVED TEAPOT/VASE SQUARE STAND $3.54 |
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Chinese Antique Square Wooden Tray Holder FEB18-07 $150.00 |
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Beautiful Green Jade Square Pendant #5a $0.15 |
Chi-square Analysis for Attribute Data
What Is A Chi-Square Test?
- The probability density curve of a chi-square distribution is asymmetric curve stretching over the positive side of the line and having a long right tail.
- The form of the curve depends on the value of the degrees of freedom.
Types of Chi-Square Analysis:
- Chi-square Test for Association is a (non-parametric, therefore can be used for nominal data) test of statistical significance widely used bivariate tabular association analysis.
- Typically, the hypothesis is whether or not two different populations are different enough in some characteristic or aspect of their behavior based on two random samples.
- This test procedure is also known as the Pearson chi-square test.
- Chi-square Goodness-of-fit Test is used to test if an observed distribution conforms to any particular distribution. Calculation of this goodness of fit test is by comparison of observed data with data expected based on the particular distribution.
When to apply a Chi-Squared Test:
- Chi-Squared test is used to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in the proportions for different groups. To accomplish this, it breaks all outcomes into groups.
What the Chi-Squared Test does:
- It starts by determining how many defects, for example, would be “expected” in each group involved.
- It does this by assuming that all groups have the same defect rate (which Minitab approximates from the data provided).
- Minitab then compares the expected counts with what was actually observed.
- If the numbers are different by a large enough amount, Chi-Square determines that the groups do not have the same proportion.
Chi-Square Requirements:
- Data is typically attribute (discrete). At the very least, all data must be able to be categorized as being in some category or another).
- Expected cell counts should not be low (definitely not less than 1 and preferable not less than 5) as this could lead to a false positive indication that there is a difference when, in fact, none exists.
Chi-Square Hypotheses:
- Ho: The null hypotheses (P-Value > 0.05) means the populations have the same proportions.
- Ha: The alternate hypotheses (P-Value
Note: if the expected cell counts are below 5, Minitab will print a warning. The warning is generated because of the fact that with the expected count in the denominator, a small value potentially creates an artificially large chi-square statistic. This is particularly troublesome if more than 20% of the cells have expected counts less than 5 and the contribution to the overall chi-square statistic is considerable.
Additionally, if any of the expected cell counts are below 1, Minitab will not even produce a p-value since the chi-square statistic is sure to be artificially inflated. In either of these cases, the binomial distribution (Minitab: Stat/ ANOVA/ Analysis of Means) may be able to be used.
Lastly: Attribute Gage R&R (AR&R) or Kappa Test is needed with an acceptable level of measurement system error prior to running a Chi-Square Analysis
Tips:
- Determine the subgroups and categories to be tested for variation (differences in proportions) as part of your data collection plan.
- Define the operational definitions for success/defect, the stratifications layers (subgroups) and the Cause & Effect diagram (fishbone) to pre-determine where the team believes differences in proportions may exist.
- Continuous (Variable) data can usually be converted into Discrete (Attribute) data by using categories
(Example: cycle time (continuous 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hr) can be categorized into Cycle Time Met = 1 where success is cycle time 8 hrs.)
Tricks
- An (MSA) Attribute R&R (Kappa Analysis) for discrete data or Gage R&R for continuous (variable) data is used prior to calculating the Chi-Square Test to ensure that the measurement variation 10% then the variation you will see in the Chi- Square Test is not valid as too much of the variation seen is coming from your measurement system (10% MSA error) and not your process variation.
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Cuisinart GR-4N 5-in-1 Griddler $185.00 The Cuisinart(tm) Griddler makes “multifunctional” an understatement! Make perfect panini… plus! With four separate cooking options, it can handle everything from pancakes to sausages to grilled cheese to steaks, hamburgers and panini. It helps you prepare more servings of more kinds of food in less time, so you can cook for a crowd — no one has to wait!Simply change the cooking plates and adju… |
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Nesco FD-75PR 700-Watt Food Dehydrator $55.99 Generates maximum speed and quality for dehydrating fruits, vegetables, beef jerky and vension jerky. Great for making trail mix, homemade yogurt, apple snacks, banana chips, dried soup mixes, dried tomatoes, dried fruits, herbs and spices. Also makes potpourri and dried flowers. Helps dry food in hours, not days like ordinary food dehydrators. U.S.A. Shape: Round, Watts: 700, Top Mount Fan: Yes, … |
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Tovolo King Cube Ice Trays Perfect for entertaining, these new King Cube Ice Cube Trays by Tovolo feature a food-grade silicone body that is flexible, allowing the cubes to pop out effortlessly after freezing. The generous 2-inch size of each cube encourages creativity in ice cube building. Great Idea: Fill with your favorite mixer or juice, and add a bit of fruit. Imagine a nice DOF glass with a beautiful jumbo cube filled… |
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Greatest Hits $7.13 Greatest hits album… |
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Sold Out at Madison Square Garden [Blu-ray] $7.99 Studio: Sony Music Release Date: 12/16/2008… |
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Rhapsody in Bloom … |
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The Story of Creation [VHS] $9.99 Journey back to the beginning of the world as God brings forth the Earth, fills its waters and lands with plants and animals and, finally, crowns His creation with the first man and woman. Then, join Adam and Eve as they explore the Earth paradise of the Garden of Eden – and discover what happens when they accept a serpent’s offer of forbidden fruit! Featuring an original theme song by Kathie Lee … |
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P90X: Tony Horton’s 90-Day Extreme Home Fitness Workout DVD Program $139.80 P90X is a revolutionary system of 12 highly intense workouts, designed to transform your body. * Chest and Back Extra DVD for a quick overview of the complete P90X Extreme Home Fitness training system is includ… |
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